IMMUNE SYSTEM
The immune
system is a system of
biological structures and processes within
an organism that protects
against disease.
Even simple unicellular organisms
such as bacteria possess a
rudimentary immune system.
Immunology is a science that examines the structure and
function of the immune system. It originates from medicine and early studies on the
causes of immunity to disease. The earliest known reference to immunity was
during the plague of Athens in
430 BC.
Three
kind of immunity in humans Innate, Adaptive or Acquired , and Passive.
Innate
:-
·
A kind of Human Immunity.
·
In this , Microorganisms or toxins that successfully
enter an organism encounter the cells.
·
Innate immune defenses are non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens
in a generic way. This system does not confer
long-lasting immunity against a pathogen. The innate
immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms.
Adaptive or Acquired
·
A kind of
Human Immunity
·
The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates and allows for a
stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen
is "remembered" by a signature antigen. The adaptive immune response is
antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific "non-self"
antigens during a process called antigen
presentation.
·
The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types
of leukocytes, called lymphocytes. B
cells and T cells are the major types of lymphocytes and
are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone
marrow. B cells are involved in the humoral
immune response, whereas T cells are involved in cell- mediated immune
response.
Passive Immunity
·
A kind of Human Immunity
·
Breast Milk or Colostrum also contains antibodies that are transferred to
the gut of the infant (Baby), and protect against bacterial infections until
the newborn can synthesize its own antibodies.
·
This type called Passive Immunity, Because the fetus does not actually make any
memory cells or antibodies—it only borrows them.
·
This passive immunity is usually short-term, lasting from a few days up to
several months.
Disorders of human immunity
The immune system is a remarkably effective structure
that incorporates specificity, inducibility and adaptation. Failures of host
defense do occur, however, and fall into three broad categories: immune deficiencies,
autoimmunity, and hypersensitivities.
Nutrition and diet
Ovenutrition is associated with diseases such as diabetes and obesity, which are known to affect
immune function. More moderate malnutrition, as well as certain specific trace
mineral and nutrient deficiencies, can also compromise the immune response.
Foods rich in certain fatty
acids may foster a healthy immune system. Likewise, fetal undernourishment can cause
a lifelong impairment of the immune system.
“I have no special talents. I am
only passionately curious.”
-- MJN
-- MJN
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